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What Motor Function is Consistent with C4? The nerve root of C4 runs between vertebrae C3 and C4. Motor function includes: head control neck movement (paraspinal muscles, CN XI, trapezius muscle) ability to breathe possible (diaphragm) mouth control (facial muscles) no upper extremity movement What...

What Motor Function is Consistent with C3? The nerve root of C3 runs between vertebrae C3 and C4. Motor function includes: weak diaphragm usually unable to sustain ventilation weak neck movement (sternocleidomastoid present, weak trapezius) What Sensory Function is Consistent with C3? C3 provides...

EDUBRIEFS in CCTC Bladder Drainage in Spinal Cord Injury In spinal cord injury, bladder sphincter relaxation is absent, leading to urinary retention. As soon as hourly urine output is no longer necessary, the indwelling bladder catheter should be removed to reduce the risk of urinary tract...

EDUBRIEFS in CCTC Assessment of Motor Function How is motor function controlled? Voluntary movement requires the transmission of a message from the motor strip of the cerebral cortex (upper motor neuron) to the appropriate muscle on the opposite side of the body. Thus, injury to the cerebral cortex...

EDUBRIEFS in CCTC What is it? A life-threatening syndrome that can occur in individuals with cord injuries above T6 (most common in quadriplegia). Develops after resolution of initial spinal shock (after spinal cord reflexes return) and continues for the rest of their lives. Triggered by any noxious...

SvO2 (mixed venous oxygen saturation) or ScvO2 central venous oxygen saturation) What is it? Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) is the percentage of oxygen bound to hemoglobin in blood returning to the right side of the heart. This refects the amount of oxygen "left over" after the tissues remove...

EDUBRIEFS in CCTC Question: I think that the tip of my pulmonary artery catheter is displaying a Right Ventricular waveform. What clues would help validate a right ventricular tracing? Obtain a tracing of the right atrial, right ventricle, pulmonary artery and pulmonary wedge pressure tracing during...

Instead of x-rays and radiation, MRI uses a strong magnetic field and radio frequencies to produce the images. Unlike a CT or x-ray, the MR system magnet is ALWAYS on. Missile Effect: Any ferromagnetic material will be attracted to the magnetic. Scissors, IV poles, monitors and stretchers have...

MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH MAJOR BURNS It is important to remember a burned patient is also a trauma patient with the potential for other injuries beyond those related to the burn. Morbidity and mortality increases with increased BSA % of burn, in the very young or very old, and when pre-existing...

How is the "Percentage of Burned Area" Calculated? Estimation of the size of the burn is done using the "rule of nines" shown in Figure 1. The corresponding area of burn is identified on the diagram, and the total percentage is calculated as the sum of the burned areas. The type or thickness of the...