Disclaimer to the Online Edition
This Manual has been designed for use in the NICU at London Health Sciences Centre (LHSC), London, Ontario, Canada, and represents clinical practice at this institution. The information contained within the Manual may not be applicable to other centres. If users of this Manual are not familiar with a drug, it is recommended that the official monograph be consulted before it is prescribed and administered. Any user of this information is advised that the contributors, Editor and LHSC are not responsible for any errors or omissions, and / or any consequences arising from the use of the information in this Manual.
diazoxide
Indication
- Management of hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinemia, unresponsive to dextrose or glucagon
- Inhibits insulin release, stimulates glycogenolysis and catecholamine release
Dosage Guidelines
- Initial dose 2.5-5 mg/kg/dose q12 hours
- Titrate dose if needed every 48 hours by 1.25-2.5 mg/kg/dose up to a maximum of 7.5 mg/kg/dose
- If infant requires more than 10 mg/kg/day, consult endocrinology
Administration
- Oral
Adverse Effects
- Hyperglycemia sodium and water retention, hyperuricemia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, ketosis, decreased urine output
- May cause a direct smooth muscle relaxation of peripheral arterioles resulting in a decrease in blood pressure and reflex increase in heart rate and cardiac output
Comments
- Onset of action is approximately 1 hour. Duration of action is approximately 8 hours with normal renal function
- Concurrent treatment with a thiazide diuretic (usually hydrochlorothiazide) is recommended to prevent associated fluid retention from diazoxide
- Monitor glucose, blood pressure and heart rate
Supplied As
- 50 mg/mL oral suspension
References
LexiComp (pediatric and neonatal), Neofax, SickKids Endocrinology Hyperinsulinism (HI) Diagnosis and Management Guideline