diazoxide
Indication
- Management of hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinemia, unresponsive to dextrose or glucagon
- Inhibits insulin release, stimulates glycogenolysis and catecholamine release
Dosage Guidelines
- Initial dose 2.5-5 mg/kg/dose q12 hours
- Titrate dose if needed every 48 hours by 1.25-2.5 mg/kg/dose up to a maximum of 7.5 mg/kg/dose
- If infant requires more than 10 mg/kg/day, consult endocrinology
Administration
- Oral
Adverse Effects
- Hyperglycemia sodium and water retention, hyperuricemia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, ketosis, decreased urine output
- May cause a direct smooth muscle relaxation of peripheral arterioles resulting in a decrease in blood pressure and reflex increase in heart rate and cardiac output
Comments
- Onset of action is approximately 1 hour. Duration of action is approximately 8 hours with normal renal function
- Concurrent treatment with a thiazide diuretic (usually hydrochlorothiazide) is recommended to prevent associated fluid retention from diazoxide
- Monitor glucose, blood pressure and heart rate
Supplied As
- 50 mg/mL oral suspension
References
LexiComp (pediatric and neonatal), Neofax, SickKids Endocrinology Hyperinsulinism (HI) Diagnosis and Management Guideline