Disclaimer to the Online Edition
This Manual has been designed for use in the NICU at London Health Sciences Centre (LHSC), London, Ontario, Canada, and represents clinical practice at this institution. The information contained within the Manual may not be applicable to other centres. If users of this Manual are not familiar with a drug, it is recommended that the official monograph be consulted before it is prescribed and administered. Any user of this information is advised that the contributors, Editor and LHSC are not responsible for any errors or omissions, and / or any consequences arising from the use of the information in this Manual
phentolamine
Indication
- Management of IV extravasations (leakage of an IV fluid out of a vein and into surrounding tissue) due to vasoactive medications (eg. DOBUTamine, DOPamine, EPINEPHrine, norepinephrine, vasopressin)
Dosage Guidelines
- Prepare a solution of 0.5 mg/mL and administer 1 mL in 5 x 0.2 mL increments SUBCUTANEOSULY to infiltrate area of extravasation. Dose may be repeated if required.
- Dose limit: 2.5 mg total
- Administer within 12 hours of extravasation
Administration
- SUBCUTANEOUSLY
- Use a 25 gauge or smaller needle and change needles between each skin entry
- Draw up 0.2 mL (1 mg phentolamine) and add to 1.8 mL sterile water for injection or sodium chloride 0.9% injection to provide a 0.5 mg/mL solution
Adverse Effects
- Hypotension, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias
- Vomiting, diarrhea
- Nasal congestion
Comments
- Alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that produces peripheral vasodilation, reversing ischemia produced by vasopressor infiltration.
- Most effective if administered within 1 hour of extravasation but still effective up to 12 hours after
- Blanching should reverse immediately
- Monitor site of extravasation closely for skin colour and local perfusion; additional injections of phentolamine may be necessary
Supplied As
- 5mg/mL, 1mL ampoule
References
- LexiComp SickKids
- LexiComp Pediatric and Neonatal
- Neofax